『壹』 美國倆大政黨的英文簡介
Democrats and Republicans are the two major political parties in the United states. Democratic in founding in 1791, when by some planting garden owners, farmers and some and southern slave owners had contacted the capitalists. The former Republican and democratic republican party, now renamed in 1828. Between 1933 and 1953, the Democratic Party, Roosevelt and Truman successively served as president, the Democratic Party for 20 years in a row, the party's most prosperous period. From 1981 to 1989, the two president of the United States and the economic impact of the United States (and even "Reagan economics"), Ronald Regan is a republican. 1992 came to power as president of the United States and in 1996 to run for re-election of the current U.S. President Barack Clinton is the Democratic party. The Republican Party was founded in 1854, when it was mainly composed of the northern instrial and commercial capitalists who were opposed to the expansion of slavery. Lincoln became president in 1861, the first time in the Republican Party, to the 70 years in 1933, in addition to 16 years, are the Republican party.
The United States of America's two big party organization, different from other Western capitalist countries of the political party, with its unique characteristics. In the organization, the Democratic Party or the Republican Party can say that it is not a political party in the normal sense, but a very loose political alliance. To become a democratic or Republican Party, do not have to apply for and perform the admission procere, also do not pay es. Citizens declare and perform the registration procere when they are registered, and become a party member or a member of the Republican Party. Registered as a member of a large party, in the election can be changed to vote for another major party candidate, that can cross party vote. Political parties can not carry out disciplinary sanctions on its members. Strictly speaking. Only 5% of voters can be considered party members.
民主黨和共和黨是美國兩個主要政黨。民主黨於1791年建黨，當時由部分種植園主、農民和某些與南方奴隸主有聯系的資本家組成。曾名共和黨和民主共和黨，1828年改稱現名。1933年至1953年，民主黨人羅斯福和杜魯門先後任總統，民主黨連續執政20年，是該黨最興旺發達時期。從1981年到1989年連任兩屆總統並對美國經濟產生重大影響(甚至有「里根經濟學」之說)的羅納德·里根是共和黨人。1992年上台擔任美國總統並於1996年競選連任獲得成功的現任美國總統柯林頓是民主黨人。共和黨成立於1854年，當時主要是由反對擴大奴隸制的北方工商業資本家組成。1861年林肯就任總統，共和黨首次執政，至1933年的70多年中，除16年外，均為共和黨執政。
美國兩大黨的組織，不同於其他西方資本主義國家的政黨，具有其獨特性。在組織上，民主黨或共和黨可以說不是正常意義上的政黨，而是一個極其鬆散的政治聯盟。要成為民主黨或共和黨的黨員，無須申請和履行入黨手續，也不要交納黨費。公民在進行選民登記時聲明一下並履行登記手續，就成為民主黨黨員或共和黨黨員。登記為一個大黨的黨員，在選舉時可以改投另一大黨候選人的票，即可以跨黨投票。政黨對其黨員都不能進行紀律制裁。嚴格地說。選民中只有5％的人可以被認為是政黨的黨員。