經濟學考慮邊際量

⑴ 傳統的經濟學理論都有哪些

1、人們面臨權衡取捨。這表明經濟學是研究資源稀缺條件下的選擇問題。

2、某種東西的成本是為了得到它所放棄的東西。經濟學中最重要的一個概念——機會成本。

3、理性的人考慮邊際量。經濟學中最重要的分析方法——邊際分析法。

4、人們會對激勵作出反應。經濟學分析的背景——制度決定人們的行為，要用制度來引導與約束人們的行為。

這四條是關於個人如何做出決策的四個原理。市場經濟的組成單位是個人，個人有決策（做出選擇）的自由。個人組成整體。經濟學研究的出發點是個人行為。這四條原理說明了如何研究個人行為。

(1)經濟學考慮邊際量擴展閱讀：

「經濟人」假設被視為傳統經濟學理論體系得以建立和完善的重要基石，它有兩個內涵：一是人都追求自己的利益，即每個人都是自私的；二是人都是有理性的，都精於算計，對自己的行為有明確的認識。

關於這一假設的產生，經濟學家幾乎一致認為源自並歸功於亞當·斯密，但實際上亞當·斯密並沒有直接提出「經濟人」的概念，只不過在《國富論》關於「看不見的手」理論論述中包含了「經濟人」的思想。

經濟學理論觀點的窘異常常是假設不同所致，在不同假定下的「商榷」不會，也根本不可能有說服對方的結果。

經濟學本身是一門社會經濟學科，經濟學理論更無法如自然科學那般進入實驗室檢驗而只能由社會實踐檢驗，對經濟學理論的社會實踐檢驗卻無一例外地有完全相反的檢驗結論，將經濟學理論投入社會實驗進行檢驗的成本極可能高到社會無法承受的地步。

⑵ 曼昆經濟學原理中的一條：理性人考慮邊際量。求各位大神給一個可以用這條原理分析的案例，最好附上分析。

英文版的案例，不明白的話直接用翻譯把英文翻譯成中文。
PRINCIPLE #3: RATIONAL PEOPLE THINK AT THE MARGIN

Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray.
When it』s time for dinner, the decision you face is not between fasting or eating
like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of mashed potatoes. When exams
roll around, your decision is not between blowing them off or studying 24
hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes instead of
watching TV. Economists use the term marginal changes to describe small incremental
adjustments to an existing plan of action. Keep in mind that 「margin」
means 「edge,」 so marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of what you
are doing.
In many situations, people make the best decisions by thinking at the margin.
Suppose, for instance, that you asked a friend for advice about how many years to
stay in school. If he were to compare for you the lifestyle of a person with a Ph.D.
to that of a grade school dropout, you might complain that this comparison is not
helpful for your decision. You have some ecation already and most likely are
deciding whether to spend an extra year or two in school. To make this decision,
you need to know the additional benefits that an extra year in school would offer
(higher wages throughout life and the sheer joy of learning) and the additional
costs that you would incur (tuition and the forgone wages while you』re in school).
By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate whether
the extra year is worthwhile.
As another example, consider an airline deciding how much to charge passengers
who fly standby. Suppose that flying a 200-seat plane across the country costs
the airline $100,000. In this case, the average cost of each seat is $100,000/200,
which is $500. One might be tempted to conclude that the airline should never
sell a ticket for less than $500. In fact, however, the airline can raise its profits by
thinking at the margin. Imagine that a plane is about to take off with ten empty
seats, and a standby passenger is waiting at the gate willing to pay $300 for a seat.
Should the airline sell it to him? Of course it should. If the plane has empty seats,
the cost of adding one more passenger is minuscule. Although the average cost of
flying a passenger is $500, the marginal cost is merely the cost of the bag of peanuts
and can of soda that the extra passenger will consume. As long as the standby passenger
pays more than the marginal cost, selling him a ticket is profitable.
As these examples show, indivials and firms can make better decisions by
thinking at the margin. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if the
marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.

⑶ 經濟學中無邊界是什麼

經濟學家把所研究復的各種變數分制為自變數和因變數，自變數是最初變動的量，因變數是由於自變數變動而引起變動的量。邊際分析就是分析自變數變動與因變數變動的關系。自變數變動所引起的因變數變動量稱為邊際量。在考慮一個決策時，重要的是考慮邊際量，

⑷ 理性人考慮邊際量 曼昆 經濟學原理

邊際一般理解為增加一單位商品給你帶來的效用 這個概念哈

比如你爬專山 爬到半山腰 口渴 有賣礦屬泉水的 價格是五元（山下才一元）

但是因為你實在太渴還是高價買了 說明這時候一瓶水給你帶來的邊際產量能值五元

當你喝了一瓶 ，但是還是有點渴，但比剛才好多了。考慮到價格高，先忍忍吧 ，不再買水了。這就是邊際效用遞減了

從這里看出，你買水並不是主要因為價格的高低來買，而是根據每一瓶水帶給你的最大效用。當這個邊際產量大於價格的時候，你會選擇購買。

舉一反三就是 理性人考慮邊際量 我這個只是邊際產量，你可以舉很多其他的例子了

⑸ 經濟學中的考慮邊際量是什麼意思請問能舉個例子解釋一下嗎

邊際的一般含義是表示一單位的自變數的變化所引起的因變數的變化量。
抽象的邊際量的公式為
邊際量=因變數的變化量/自變數的變化量

⑹ 請用文化經濟學中理性人考慮邊際量的原理來解答以下例題：

張打王 要是rp爆發把李四給掛了 王一槍解決他 李四有同樣的想法也會打王 要是輪到王他還沒死 那他肯定開槍打李四 因為第二輪李四很可能掛他