㈠ 怎么用英文表述经济学学什么
Economics
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Face-to-face trading interactions on the trading floor of a stock exchange. Financial decisions are only one among many economic choices people may make.Economics is the branch of social science that studies the proction, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Greek for oikos (house) and nomos (custom or law), hence "rules of the house(hold)."[1]
A definition that captures much of modern economics is that of Lionel Robbins in a 1932 essay: "the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses."[2] Scarcity means that available resources are insufficient to satisfy all wants and needs. Absent scarcity and alternative uses of available resources, there is no economic problem. The subject thus defined involves the study of choices as they are affected by incentives and resources.
Areas of economics may be divided or classified into various types, including:
microeconomics and macroeconomics
positive economics ("what is") and normative economics ("what ought to be")
mainstream economics and heterodox economics
fields and broader categories within economics.
One of the uses of economics is to explain how economies, as economic systems, work and what the relations are between economic players (agents) in the larger society. Methods of economic analysis have been increasingly applied to fields that involve people (officials included) making choices in a social context, such as crime,[3] ecation,[4] the family, health, law, politics, religion,[5] social institutions, and war.[6]
Contents [hide]
1 In the beginning
2 Basic concepts
2.1 Proction possibilities, opportunity cost, and efficiency
2.2 Specialization, division of labour, and gains from trade
2.3 Money
2.4 Supply and demand
2.5 Prices and quantities
2.6 Marginalism
3 Economic reasoning
4 Areas and classifications in economics
4.1 Analysis of the economy
4.1.1 Microeconomics
4.1.2 Macroeconomics
4.2 Mathematical and quantitative methods
4.2.1 Mathematical economics
4.2.2 Econometrics
4.2.3 National accounting
4.3 Selected fields
4.3.1 Agricultural economics
4.3.2 Development and growth economics
4.3.3 Economic systems
4.3.4 Environmental economics
4.3.5 Financial economics
4.3.6 Game theory
4.3.7 Instrial organization
4.3.8 Information economics
4.3.9 International economics
4.3.10 Labour economics
4.3.11 Law and economics
4.3.12 Managerial economics
4.3.13 Public finance
4.3.14 Welfare economics
5 History and schools of economics
5.1 Early economic thought
5.2 Classical economics
5.3 Marxist economics
5.4 Neoclassical economics
5.5 Keynesian economics
5.6 Other schools and approaches
5.7 Historic definitions of economics
5.7.1 Criticisms of welfare and scarcity definitions of economics
6 Criticism
6.1 Criticism of contradictions
6.2 Economics and politics
6.2.1 Ideologies and economics
6.2.2 Ethics and economics
6.2.3 Effect on society
7 Economics in practice
8 See also
9 Notes
10 External links
10.1 General information
10.2 Institutions and organizations
10.3 Study resources
我是学英语的，刚查的，不知道满意吗！？
㈡ 经济学包含哪些领域，用英语介绍一下经济学是一个什么样的专业
我是经济专业的，希望能帮到你！
Economics：the study of how society manages its scarce resources.
翻译：经济学：一门研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源的学科。
Scarity：the limited nature of society‘s resources.
翻译：稀缺性：社会资源的有限性。
一般来讲，经济学分为微观经济学和宏观经济学：
Microeconomics：the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in specific markets.
翻译：微观经济学：一门研究家庭和企业如何做出决策，以及他们如何在市场上进行交易的学科。
Macroeconomics：the study of economy wide phenomena.
宏观经济学：一门研究整体的经济现象（通货膨胀、失业和经济增长）的学科。
㈢ 经济学的英文怎么念
economics
英[ˌɪkəˈnɔmiks，ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks，ˌekə-]
美[ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks,
ˌikə-]
复数：economics
名词
n.
1.经济学
2.经济状况,
经济意义,经济因素
㈣ 经济学的（要用英语回答）
Suppose
that
the
question
is
discussed
in
term
of
microeconomics.
For
a
particular
firm,
higher
proctivity
will
increase
its
proction
and
therefore
higher
outputs
and
revenue
are
expected.
The
increased
revenue
can
be
deposited
in
the
bank
for
saving
purpose
or
invested
in
capital
goods
for
additional
income.
For
the
owner
or
shareholders
of
the
firm,
their
income
is
increased
and
so
lead
to
higher
living
standard.
For
employees,
an
increase
in
wage
is
predicted
and
thus
higher
living
standard
for
them
as
well.
我是从微观的角度去讨论的
不知道是不是符合你的要求
应该可以看懂吧
写的还是很简单的
㈤ 经济学英文翻译
对经济学家来说，女性的教育是个与众不同的领域。然而越来越多的女性为社会的发展做贡献，这不仅是一个经济问题也是个社会问题。因此，强调激励刺激的经济学为解释为什么有这么多女性被剥夺教育权利提供了导向。
㈥ 经济学家用英语怎么说
经济学家
[词典] [经] economist;
[例句]美国的经济学家们在金融和企业经济学领域做出了重要的贡献。
American economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics
㈦ 经济学英文翻译
纯学术探讨——大致同意1楼。
但，若仅仅为“变化”，或需译为“各种变化”，毕竟changes是复数形式
其实各种变化，就是价格的增减、涨落（股市/股票则为“涨跌”）
...has an inverse relationship with changes in the price of a particular good.
...则与某一（某种）商品价格涨落成相反（变化）的关系。
（甚至可译为）...则与某一（某种）商品价格涨落成负相关。
注：负相关，涵盖反比（关系）、不局限于反比。
供参
㈧ 经济学中常用的英文——越多越好
经济学常用英语词汇英汉对照
A
accounting 会计
accounting cost 会计成本
accounting profit 会计利润
adverse selection 逆向选择
allocation 配置
allocation of resources 资源配置
allocative efficiency 配置效率
antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法
arc elasticity 弧弹性
Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理
Assumption 假设
asymetric information 非对称性信息
average 平均
average cost 平均成本
average cost pricing 平均成本定价法
average fixed cost 平均固定成本
average proct of capital 资本平均产量
average proct of labour 劳动平均产量
average revenue 平均收益
average total cost 平均总成本
average variable cost 平均可变成本
B
barriers to entry 进入壁垒
base year 基年
bilateral monopoly 双边垄断
benefit 收益
black market 黑市
bliss point 极乐点
boundary point 边界点
break even point 收支相抵点
budget 预算
budget constraint 预算约束
budget line 预算线
budget set 预算集
C
capital 资本
capital stock 资本存量
capital output ratio 资本产出比率
capitalism 资本主义
cardinal utility theory 基数效用论
cartel 卡特尔
ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设
ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线
Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型
change in demand 需求变化
change in quantity demanded 需求量变化
change in quantity supplied 供给量变化
change in supply 供给变化
choice 选择
closed set 闭集
Coase theorem 科斯定理
Cobb—Douglas proction function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数
cobweb model 蛛网模型
collective bargaining 集体协议工资
collusion 合谋
command economy 指令经济
commodity 商品
commodity combination 商品组合
commodity market 商品市场
commodity space 商品空间
common property 公用财产
comparative static analysis 比较静态分析
compensated budget line 补偿预算线
compensated demand function 补偿需求函数
compensation principles 补偿原则
compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量
competition 竞争
competitive market 竞争性市场
complement goods 互补品
complete information 完全信息
completeness 完备性
condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件
condition for efficiency in proction 生产的最优条件
concave 凹
concave function 凹函数
concave preference 凹偏好
consistence 一致性
constant cost instry 成本不变产业
constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变
constraints 约束
consumer 消费者
consumer behavior 消费者行为
consumer choice 消费者选择
consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡
consumer optimization 消费者优化
consumer preference 消费者偏好
consumer surplus 消费者剩余
consumer theory 消费者理论
consumption 消费
consumption bundle 消费束
consumption combination 消费组合
consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线
consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿
consumption set 消费集
consumption space 消费空间
continuity 连续性
continuous function 连续函数
contract curve 契约曲线
convex 凸
convex function 凸函数
convex preference 凸偏好
convex set 凸集
corporatlon 公司
cost 成本
cost benefit analysis 成本收益分
cost function 成本函数
cost minimization 成本极小化
Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡
Cournot model 古诺模型
Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性
D
dead—weights loss 重负损失
decreasing cost instry 成本递减产业
decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减
dection 演绎法
demand 需求
demand curve 需求曲线
demand elasticity 需求弹性
demand function 需求函数
demand price 需求价格
demand schele 需求表
depreciation 折旧
derivative 导数
derive demand 派生需求
difference equation 差分方程
differential equation 微分方程
differentiated good 差异商品
differentiated oligoply 差异寡头
diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减
diminishing marginal return 收益递减
diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减
direct approach 直接法
direct taxes 直接税
discounting 贴税、折扣
diseconomies of scale 规模不经济
disequilibrium 非均衡
distribution 分配
division of labour 劳动分工
distribution theory of marginal proctivity 边际生产率分配论
oupoly 双头垄断、双寡
ality 对偶
rable goods 耐用品
dynamic analysis 动态分析
dynamic models 动态模型
E
Economic agents 经济行为者
economic cost 经济成本
economic efficiency 经济效率
economic goods 经济物品
economic man 经济人
economic mode 经济模型
economic profit 经济利润
economic region of proction 生产的经济区域
economic regulation 经济调节
economic rent 经济租金
exchange 交换
economics 经济学
exchange efficiency 交换效率
economy 经济
exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线
economy of scale 规模经济
Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图
exclusion 排斥性、排他性
Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线
Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型
efficiency 效率，效益
efficiency parameter 效率参数
elasticity 弹性
elasticity of substitution 替代弹性
endogenous variable 内生变量
endowment 禀赋
endowment of resources 资源禀赋
Engel curve 恩格尔曲线
entrepreneur 企业家
entrepreneurship 企业家才能
entry barriers 进入壁垒
entry/exit decision 进出决策
envolope curve 包络线
equilibrium 均衡
equilibrium condition 均衡条件
equilibrium price 均衡价格
equilibrium quantity 均衡产量
eqity 公平
equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量
excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理
excess supply 过度供给
exchange 交换
exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线
exclusion 排斥性、排他性
exclusion principle 排他性原则
existence 存在性
existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性
exogenous variables 外生变量
expansion paths 扩展径
expectation 期望
expected utility 期望效用
expected value 期望值
expenditure 支出
explicit cost 显性成本
external benefit 外部收益
external cost 外部成本
external economy 外部经济
external diseconomy 外部不经济
externalities 外部性
F
Factor 要素
factor demand 要素需求
factor market 要素市场
factors of proction 生产要素
factor substitution 要素替代
factor supply 要素供给
fallacy of composition 合成谬误
final goods 最终产品
firm 企业
firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线
firm supply curve 企业供给曲线
first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视
first—order condition 一阶条件
fixed costs 固定成本
fixed input 固定投入
fixed proportions proction function 固定比例的生产函数
flow 流量
fluctuation 波动
for whom to proce 为谁生产
free entry 自由进入
free goods 自由品，免费品
free mobility of resources 资源自由流动
free rider 搭便车，免费搭车
function 函数
future value 未来值
G
game theory 对策论、博弈论
general equilibrium 总体均衡
general goods 一般商品
Giffen goods 吉芬晶 收入补偿需求曲线
Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜
Gini coefficient 吉尼系数
goldenrule 黄金规则
goods 货物
government failure 政府失败
government regulation 政府调控
grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线
grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿
H
heterogeneous proct 异质产品
Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准
homogeneity 齐次性
homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数
homogeneous proct 同质产品
homogeneous proction function 齐次生产函数
horizontal summation 水平和
household 家庭
how to proce 如何生产
human capital 人力资本
hypothesis 假说
I
identity 恒等式
imperfect competion 不完全竞争
implicitcost 隐性成本
income 收入
income compensated demand curve
income constraint 收入约束
income consumption curve 收入消费曲线
income distribution 收入分配
income effect 收入效应
income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性
increasing cost instry 成本递增产业
increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增
inefficiency 缺乏效率
index number 指数
indifference 无差异
indifference curve 无差异曲线
indifference map 无差异族
indifference relation 无差异关系
indifference set 无差异集
indirect approach 间接法
indivial analysis 个量分析
indivial demand curve 个人需求曲线
indivial demand function 个人需求函数
inced variable 引致变量
inction 归纳法
instry 产业
instry equilibrium 产业均衡
instry supply curve 产业供给曲线
inelastic 缺乏弹性的
inferior goods 劣品
inflection point 拐点
information 信息
information cost 信息成本
initial condition 初始条件
initial endowment 初始禀赋
innovation 创新
input 投入
input—output 投入—产出
institution 制度
institutional economics 制度经济学
insurance 保险
intercept 截距
interest 利息
interest rate 利息率
intermediate goods 中间产品
internatization of externalities 外部性内部化
invention 发明
inverse demand function 逆需求函数
investment 投资
invisible hand 看不见的手
isocost line 等成本线，
isoprofit curve 等利润曲线
isoquant curve 等产量曲线
isoquant map 等产量族
K
kinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线
L
labour 劳动
labour demand 劳动需求
labour supply 劳动供给
labour theory of value 劳动价值论
labour unions 工会
laissez faire 自由放任
Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数
Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，
land 土地
law 法则
law of demand and supply 供需法
law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则
law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则
law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率
law of increasing cost 成本递增法则
law of one price 单一价格法则
leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型
least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合
leisure 闲暇
Leontief proction function 列昂节夫生产函数
licenses 许可证
linear demand function 线性需求函数
linear homogeneity 线性齐次性
linear homogeneous proction function 线性齐次生产函数
long run长期
long run average cost 长期平均成本
long run equilibrium 长期均衡
long run instry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线
long run marginal cost 长期边际成本
long run total cost 长期总成本
Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线
loss minimization 损失极小化
1ump sum tax 一次性征税
luxury 奢侈品
M
macroeconomics 宏观经济学
marginal 边际的
marginal benefit 边际收益
marginal cost 边际成本
marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价
marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本
marginal period 市场期
marginal physical proctivity 实际实物生产率
marginal proct 边际产量
marginal proct of capital 资本的边际产量
marginal proct of 1abour 劳动的边际产量
marginal proctivity 边际生产率
marginal rate of substitution 边替代率
marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率
marginal returns 边际回报
marginal revenue 边际收益
marginal revenue proct 边际收益产品
marginal revolution 边际革命
marginal social benefit 社会边际收益
marginal social cost 社会边际成本
marginal utility 边际效用
marginal value procts 边际价值产品
market 市场
market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清
market demand 市场需求
market economy 市场经济
market equilibrium 市场均衡
market failure 市场失败
market mechanism 市场机制
market structure 市场结构
market separation 市场分割
market regulation 市场调节
market share 市场份额
markup pricing 加减定价法
Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数
maximization 极大化
microeconomics 微观经济学
minimum wage 最低工资
misallocation of resources 资源误置
mixed economy 混合经济
model 模型
money 货币
monopolistic competition 垄断竞争
monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削
monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断
monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡
monopoly pricing 垄断定价
monopoly regulation 垄断调控
monopoly rents 垄断租金
monopsony 买方垄断
N
Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡
Natural monopoly 自然垄断
Natural resources 自然资源
Necessary condition 必要条件
necessities 必需品
net demand 净需求
nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好
nonconvexity 非凸性
nonexclusion 非排斥性
nonlinear pricing 非线性定价
nonrivalry 非对抗性
nonprice competition 非价格竞争
nonsatiation 非饱和性
non--zero—sum game 非零和对策
normal goods 正常品
normal profit 正常利润
normative economics 规范经济学
O
objective function 目标函数
oligopoly 寡头垄断
oligopoly market 寡头市场
oligopoly model 寡头模型
opportunity cost 机会成本
optimal choice 最佳选择
optimal consumption bundle 消费束
perfect elasticity 完全有弹性
optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置
optimal scale 最佳规模
optimal solution 最优解
optimization 优化
ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序
ordinal utility 序数效用
ordinary goods 一般品
output 产量、产出
output elasticity 产出弹性
output maximization 产出极大化
P
parameter 参数
Pareto criterion 帕累托标准
Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率
Pareto improvement 帕累托改进
Pareto optimality 帕累托优化
Pareto set 帕累托集
partial derivative 偏导数
partial equilibrium 局部均衡
patent 专利
pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵
perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线
perfect competition 完全竞争
perfect complement 完全互补品
perfect monopoly 完全垄断
perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视
perfect substitution 完全替代品
perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性
perfectly elastic 完全有弹性
perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性
plant size 工厂规模
point elasticity 点弹性
positive economics 实证经济学
post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误
prediction 预测
preference 偏好
preference relation 偏好关系
present value 现值
price 价格
price adjustment model 价格调整模型
price ceiling 最高限价
price consumption curve 价格费曲线
price control 价格管制
price difference 价格差别
price discrimination 价格歧视
price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性
price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性
price floor 最低限价
price maker 价格制定者
price rigidity 价格刚性
price seeker 价格搜求者
price taker 价格接受者
price tax 从价税
private benefit 私人收益
principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题
private cost 私人成本
private goods 私人用品
private property 私人财产
procer equilibrium 生产者均衡
procer theory 生产者理论
proct 产品
proct transformation curve 产品转换曲线
proct differentiation 产品差异
proct group 产品集团
proction 生产
proction contract curve 生产契约曲线
proction efficiency 生产效率
proction function 生产函数
proction possibility curve 生产可能性曲线
proctivity 生产率
proctivity of capital 资本生产率
proctivity of labor 劳动生产率
profit 利润
profit function 利润函数
profit maximization 利润极大化
property rights 产权
property rights economics 产权经济学
proposition 定理
proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线
public benefits 公共收益
public choice 公共选择
public goods 公共商品
pure competition 纯粹竞争
rivalry 对抗性、竞争
pure exchange 纯交换
pure monopoly 纯粹垄断
Q
quantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型
quantity tax 从量税
quasi—rent 准租金
R
rate of proct transformation 产品转换率
rationality 理性
reaction function 反应函数
regulation 调节，调控
relative price 相对价格
rent 租金
rent control 规模报酬
rent seeking 寻租
rent seeking economics 寻租经济学
resource 资源
resource allocation 资源配置
returns 报酬、回报
returns to scale 规模报酬
revealed preference 显示性偏好
revenue 收益
revenue curve 收益曲线
revenue function 收益函数
revenue maximization 收益极大化
ridge line 脊线
risk 风险
S
satiation 饱和，满足
saving 储蓄
scarcity 稀缺性
law of scarcity 稀缺法则
second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视
second derivative --阶导数
second—order condition 二阶条件
service 劳务
set 集
shadow prices 影子价格
short—run 短期
short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线
short—run equilibrium 短期均衡
short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线
shut down decision 关闭决策
shortage 短缺
shut down point 关闭点
single price monopoly 单一定价垄断
slope 斜率
social benefit 社会收益
social cost 社会成本
social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线
social preference 社会偏好
social security 社会保障
social welfare function 社会福利函数
socialism 社会主义
solution 解
space 空间
stability 稳定性
stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡
Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型
static analysis 静态分析
stock 存量
stock market 股票市场
strategy 策略
subsidy 津贴
substitutes 替代品
substitution effect 替代效应
substitution parameter 替代参数
sufficient condition 充分条件
supply 供给
supply curve 供给曲线
supply function 供给函数
supply schele 供给表
Sweezy model 斯威齐模型
symmetry 对称性
symmetry of information 信息对称
T
tangency 相切
taste 兴致
technical efficiency 技术效率
technological constraints 技术约束
technological progress 技术进步
technology 技术
third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视
total cost 总成本
total effect 总效应
total expenditure 总支出
total fixed cost 总固定成本
total proct 总产量
total revenue 总收益
total utility 总效用
total variable cost 总可变成本
traditional economy 传统经济
transitivity 传递性
transaction cost 交易费用
U
uncertainty 不确定性
uniqueness 唯一性
unit elasticity 单位弹性
unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡
utility 效用
utility function 效用函数
utility index 效用指数
utility maximization 效用极大化
utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线
utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿
V
Value 价值
value judge 价值判断
value of marginal proct 边际产量价值
variable cost 可变成本
variable input 可变投入
variables 变量
vector 向量
visible hand 看得见的手
vulgur economics 庸俗经济学
W
wage 工资
wage rate 工资率
Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡
Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则
Wants 需要
Welfare criterion 福利标准
Welfare economics 福利经学
Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形
welfare maximization 福利极大化
Z
zero cost 零成本
zero elasticity 零弹性
zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性
zero economic profit 零利润
㈨ 经济学的（要用英语回答）
Suppose that the question is discussed in term of microeconomics.
For a particular firm, higher proctivity will increase its proction and therefore higher outputs and revenue are expected. The increased revenue can be deposited in the bank for saving purpose or invested in capital goods for additional income. For the owner or shareholders of the firm, their income is increased and so lead to higher living standard. For employees, an increase in wage is predicted and thus higher living standard for them as well.
我是从微观的角度去讨论的 不知道是不是符合你的要求 应该可以看懂吧 写的还是很简单的