❶ 誰能幫忙找「人民幣匯率變動對我國外貿型企業的影響分析」的外文文獻，用來做外文翻譯的
已發送，請查收，不知道是否滿足你的需要，希望能幫到你，多多給點懸賞分吧，急用的話請多選賞點分吧，這樣更多的知友才會及時幫到你，我找到也是很花時間的
❷ 國際貿易類的英文文獻翻譯成中文,有沒有人能幫忙的非常急!
你得破點財了
如果你要求不高的話,我隨便幫你做了,但質量不保證
❸ 外貿文獻 中英翻譯
However, exports to China's economic growth and the positive effects of the imagination of people not as big. 20 reform and opening up nearly 10 percent of the rapid economic growth, play a leading role is not foreign trade and exports, the main contribution should always work in terms of domestic market demand. Before the Asian financial crisis, China's domestic investment demand and consumer demand are great, so several times a national economy "overheating", for which the central government had to use the abuse of administrative, economic and legal comprehensive means to limit the scale of investment and Consumer groups, economic overheating "cool." It is this huge domestic market and expansion of China's rapid economic growth has played a major and crucial role in foreign trade and exports is the role played by the indirect, is only to provide fuel economic growth, instead of "engine."
Although the expansion of export trade to China's economic growth played a certain role in stimulating, but its negative effects have graally emerged, and paid a very high price.
First, as exports continue to expand the scale of China's economy is dependent on external deepened (throughout the 1990s before the nine-year total imports and exports to GDP ratio of more than 30 percent in some years reached 43.6%) . As a result of a result: the second half of 1997 when the Asian financial crisis suddenly fell, the rapid decline of economic growth in Asia, China's foreign trade growth also fell, the total import and export volume in 1998 compared with the previous year had a negative growth, exports Only a slight increase in the growth rate dropped substantially, resulting in China's economic growth rate of decline in the trend line for three consecutive years running, the GDP growth rate in 1997 was 8.8 percent in 1998, 7.8 percent in 1999, is expected to about 7.1% , The trend of declining year by year. It must be pointed out that in the Asian financial crisis struck, China's economic growth and foreign trade is not the same substantial drop, not a phenomenon of Southeast Asian countries and South Korea, the same rapid decline, because China's huge domestic market support Results.
Secondly, the international market because of the limited, as well as countries in the world trade protection of universality, some of China's instries and procts such as clothing, footwear, textile exports have been largely limited scale, resulting in a massive backlog of inventory, ordered by the Central Government to , Minimizing the scale of proction, such as the limited number of spindles of cotton textile proction is one example, to a certain extent, related to damage China's light instry development. At the same time, some countries or international organizations such as the European Union and North America and other developed countries frequently used anti-mping and other means to limit the access of China's labor-intensive procts, and these countries increased trade friction.
Again, and is similar to other large developing country, China's regional imbalance in economic development greater extent, the eastern part of a higher level of development, particularly in central and western regions is a relatively low level of development of the western region. Reform and opening up 20 years in national economic development and made remarkable achievements at the same time, China's regional economic disparities and residents in the expanding gap between rich and poor, tend to exacerbate economic ality. The emergence of this situation, of course, are many reasons, but the export trade to encourage and promote export-oriented model in which played a role in adding fuel to the flames.
China's strong economic base in eastern coastal areas, advanced proction technology, scientific and technological level of higher ecation, labor quality better developed financial sector and capital more abundant, strong technological innovation capability, a higher degree of market economy, since reform and opening up the enjoyment of Many of the countries under the preferential policies, but the energy, mineral and land resources relative shortage. The central and western regions of the district intelligence and the eastern region compared to the contrary, in addition to energy rich mineral resources, vast land area, the low quality of the labor force more affluent, the other aspects such as economic development level, culture, ecation technology, labor quality and availability of funds , The ability of technological innovation, economic development in the market, have fallen far behind the eastern region. Geographical division of the economic situation is: the eastern region is a major proction and export of finished, and deep processing of additional high-value procts, while the central and western regions is the major proction and export of natural resources and primary processed procts.
China's reform and opening up the initial structure of export commodities are agricultural and pastoral procts and processed procts mainly in primary instries, the proportion of finished procts do not. During this period the central and western regions larger proportion of exports, also benefit from more. However, export-oriented model of the finished procts instead of primary commodities for export purposes and objectives of the state's policy to encourage the exports of manufactures is to stimulate exports, restrictions on the export of primary commodities, such as the Export-Import Bank of China is dedicated to the Electrical and Mechanical and complete sets of equipment The export of capital goods, such as providing loans and risk guarantees and the establishment of the. At the national foreign trade policy-inced, China's export commodity structure fundamental changes have taken place from the previous mainly primary procts, manufactured goods for the shop, for now the change mainly to manufactured goods, primary goods, supplemented by. From the macro interests of the national economy in terms of national policy to encourage export of such understandable, but the specific area of interest to the formation of the Kule uneven situation, because the proction of manufactures in the eastern region of the advantages of the project, the state export-oriented policy As a result of the eastern region's exports and its profit ratio increased, the central and western regions and its profit ratio of foreign trade and exports declined. As shown in Table 1, 1998 the eastern part of import and export volume and export volume in both the proportion of more than 90 percent, in the western region is less than 10 percent of the total.
Figure plans) (
Should It is noteworthy that the eastern region because of its own with the special advantages and market-oriented reform and opening up an earlier time, but its extent greater, faster progress, has attracted foreign capital and advanced technology into large-scale, foreign Actual direct investment accounted for the vast majority of the country (see table 2), which enhance the economic strength of the east, raising its technical level and the level of proction of manufactured goods more obvious advantages for export-oriented model of manufactured exports The encouragement of the eastern part of the export scale and a growing proportion, also benefit from greater and is concive to the formation of the eastern part of a virtuous circle: → manufactured exports increased foreign exchange earnings, introcing advanced foreign technology and capital → enhance regional economic strength, → manufactures innovative technology development → manufactured exports expanded. The central and western regions are exactly the opposite, in the role of export-oriented mode of foreign trade and export of increasingly narrow, benefit from more and more small. This is in fact the eastern region and promote the economic gap between the central and western regions to expand and intensify its regional economic ality.
Figure plans) (
In neo-classical growth model, Solow (solow) has a well-known conclusion that the elements of the returns to scale, but the input is diminishing marginal utility, which could lead to long-term economic growth rate and the level of negative economic Start Related, and possibly different regions, between economic growth rate tends to convergence results. In 1952-1995, up from 44 in the development of China's long-term returns to scale and there is diminishing marginal utility, but the overall rate of economic growth and economic level and there was no obvious negative correlation between the regional economy not More convergence and integration, but in the eastern, central, and western economic zone within three Solow growth model showing a special phenomenon, namely the eastern, central and western regions in accordance with their different "trajectory center" development, three Zone within the provinces, cities, districts tend to convergence and economic development consistent correlation between economic zone but do not. This phenomenon is the emergence of reform and opening up after the beginning of the 1980s, the most convincing explanation is: foreign trade and exports to the implementation of the policy to encourage the eastern region more involved in the international economic cycle and embarked on a completely different In the central and western regions of the road to development.
Along with the eastern and western regions of the economic gap between the al nature of economic expansion and intensification of its households per capita income gap has widened accordingly. From 1985-1995, although the various provinces, cities, districts have per capita incomes in absolute terms has greatly improved, increasing from 2.66 times to 5.50 times the range, but the relative level (for references to the country) The changes are showing a completely different trend, in addition to the eastern part of Liaoning Province, all other provinces, cities and districts of the relative levels of per capita income have increased, the performance of their relative levels of value for now, while the central and western provinces and autonomous regions in per capita The relative level of all income decreased trend, and its performance relative changes in the level of a negative value. 1985 per capita income in Shanghai is the largest per capita income of Gansu Province, the smallest of 2.96 times that of 1995 expanded to 4.75 times. According to World Bank estimates, China's Gini coefficient of 0.30 from 1984 up to 1995's 0.415, the data provided by the United Nations Development Programme is 0.45. China has become the world's larger gap between rich and poor countries.
Thus, a comprehensive export-oriented economic development model in China's practice is not very successful, although the economic development it has a stimulating effect, but the negative impact is quite big.
In general, less to the dense population in the small country (region) in the implementation of a period of import substitution policies, the level of economic development up to a certain extent, to the country's export-oriented economic development model is appropriate, that practice will be successful. However, as China is a large population, vast developing country and should not be one-sided emphasis on the full implementation of export-oriented model and export-oriented economic strategy, as its own huge domestic market, and economic development must be primarily based on domestic, it is not necessary and can not Qugao the overall strategy of export-oriented, but also big developing countries are usually the region's economic development is very uneven, and its own comparative advantages and characteristics very different and therefore all regions of the mode of development can not simply apply the export-oriented model. However, this is not the opening to the outside world will not, not not to encourage exports, but should take all effective means to encourage and foster the development of export enterprises and the regional conditions to develop export-oriented economy, that is, export-oriented development strategy To actively and steadily increase in China's economic "outward-looking" elements.
So, China should not only encourage exports, expanding opening up, but also to developing the national economy, based on the domestic market demand, which are the "degree" how to » Location in the mode of foreign trade strategy where appropriate » The answer is: inward-looking open economy, that is, on the whole the "import substitution" graal and partial "export-oriented" strategy of combining foreign trade. This strategic model according to the Chinese market potential, rich resources relative to the characteristics of the main based on domestic resources development and explore the domestic market, continue to improve and strengthen the economic cycle, will expand domestic demand as the main driver of economic development, while positive foreign Away, the use of all possible conditions for expansion of foreign trade and exports, the development of export-oriented economy. The significance of expanding foreign trade and exports is not how much occupied in the international market, not to a major market demand in foreign countries, but to earn foreign exchange through the introction of advanced technology, equipment and personnel, and maintain a certain balance in foreign exchange savings , Through the expansion of foreign economic exchange, learn and master new knowledge and access to new things and new concepts, constantly expanding the economic cycle, and improve the economic cycle within the scope, quality and level, through economic, outside the circle of each other and promote national Rapid sustained and stable economic development.
❹ 對外貿易的英文文獻 及翻譯
我國服務貿易發展的現狀與對策
摘要：服務貿易正逐漸成為全球經濟競爭的重點。加入WTO以後,我國服務貿易獲得了一定的發展,但也存在著一些問題。只有制定有效的措施，才能推動我國服務貿易的發展。
關鍵詞：服務貿易；現狀；對策
上世紀末以來，全球經濟競爭的重點正從貨物貿易轉向服務貿易，服務業發達的程度成為衡量現代化水平的重要標志。目前，我國已進入全面建設小康社會的發展階段，必須大力發展服務業，並把擴大服務業領域的對外開放作為我國更廣泛地參與國際競爭、融入經濟全球化的重要內容。
一、我國服務貿易的發展現狀
近年來，我國服務業實現了持續、穩定、健康發展，服務業的發展促進了服務貿易的增長。1989年我國的服務貿易進出口總額在全世界名列第30位，2000年上升到第12位。但是，由於我國服務貿易起點低、基礎差，與發達國家相比仍有很大差距，主要表現在：
1、服務貿易整體水平差
我國服務業總量不足，在國民經濟中比重偏低。2001年我國服務業增加值32254億元，佔GDP的比重為33. 6％。與中等收入國家的46%—56%、高收入國家的59％—65%相比，還有很大的差距。服務業落後使我國服務貿易的發展受到很大的制約。2002年我國服務貿易總額為660億美元，佔全球服務貿易總額的2.3％。而同期美國服務貿易總額佔全球的16.5％，是我國的7倍多。從總體上看，除旅遊等少數行業外，多數服務貿易領域處於逆差狀態。加入WTO後，服務貿易逆差有可能進一步擴大．
2、服務貿易內部結構不合理
1995—2002年，我國服務出口總額中，旅遊服務一直居於首位，其比重由27. 6％升至36. 5％：金融服務所佔比重一直在19％左右；運輸服務的比重有所下降，由27. 1％降為19%。而以信息技術為基礎的新興服務業則是明顯的弱項，1995年這類產業在服務進口額中所佔比重為22. 9％，2001年劇增為52. 4%，是使我國服務貿易逆差日益增大的重要因素。
3、服務貿易管理滯後
由於服務業是由許多相關行業組成的產業群，國際服務貿易涉及的行業范圍極廣，國際社會要求一國對其國內的服務業進行整體協調和管理。目前，我國對外服務貿易管理體制存在許多缺陷，如中央與地方在服務業對外貿易政策和規章方面還存在一定的差別，服務業多頭管理、政出多門甚至相互掣肘的問題還沒有完全解決，服務業的統計也不規范，行業標准等方面有許多不符合國際慣例。
4、服務貿易立法不健全
長期以來，我國服務貿易立法嚴重滯後，雖然近年頒布了《商業銀行法》、《保險法》、《海商法》等，但與服務貿易廣泛的內涵和國際服務貿易發展的要求相比還存在許多不足。目前我國尚沒有一個關於服務業的一般性法律，已有的規定主要表現為各職能部門的規章和內部文件，不僅立法層次較低，而且缺乏協調，從而影響了我國服務貿易立法的統一性和透明度。
二、加入WTO對我國服務貿易的影響
我國加入WTO後，服務業市場將在原有的基礎上進一步擴大對外開放，這將對我國服務貿易的發展帶來深刻的影響。
1、服務貿易市場化進程進一步加快
放寬限制、開放市場是服務貿易發展的關鍵。加入WTO，部分服務行業的市場准入，將不再僅僅受國內有關部門的控制，而是要執行我國政府對世貿組織的承諾，這將有利於打破國內部分行業的壟斷局面，有利於國內行業學習國外先進的經驗，使其提高服務質量和水平，進一步推動我國服務業的發展和國際競爭力的提高。
2、有利於改善我國的投資環境
投資環境不僅僅體現於公路、通信、電力供應等硬體的好壞，越來越多地體現於金融、分銷、專業服務等生產性服務的完備與質量等方面。我國服務業總體上落後，而生產性服務更為落後，這正是外國投資者看中我國市場的重要原因。服務業的對外開旅，將吸引更多的外資進入我國服務業，這將有力地促進服務業，特別是生產性服務業的快速發展，改善我國投資的軟環境，進而帶動國內整個經濟的發展。
3、有利於引入新的服務種類
我國服務業的落後，在很大程度上表現為服務種類、品種的缺乏，許多服務領域需要填補「國內空白」。在世界貿易組織劃分的143個行業中，我國商業化的稅務服務、民意測驗服務、信用查詢等行業，基本上處於空白狀態。在許多行業，具體的服務領域、服務品種還存在大量空白。服務市場的開放和外資的進入，將在相當程度上彌補我國服務業發展中的各種空白，滿足國內經濟發展和人民生活的各種需要。
4、有利於在更深層次上參與世界經濟結構的調整
在經濟全球化趨勢的推動下，全球服務業也在醞釀著世界范圍的調整。加入WTO，有利於我國借發達國家向海外轉移勞動密集型、資本密集型服務業之機，吸引外國投資，改善我國服務業的內部結構；也有利於我國服務提供者進入國際市場，實施「走出去」戰略，擴大服務貿易出口。
三、增強我國服務貿易競爭力的主要措施
1、優化服務行業結構
大力發展現代服務業，重點發展信息、科技、咨詢、法律等行業，帶動服務業整體水平提高。積極發展新興服務業，如房地產、物業管理、旅遊、教育培訓、文化體育等，形成新的經濟增長點。改組改造傳統產業，運用現代經營方式和服務技術，著重改造商貿流通、交通運輸、餐飲等行業，提高技術水平和經營效率。
2、放寬服務業市場准入
改變部分行業壟斷經營嚴重、市場准入限制過嚴的狀況，按市場主體資質和服務標准，逐步形成公開透明、管理規范的市場准入制度。加快壟斷行業管理體制的改革，放寬部分行業市場准入的資質條件，鼓勵非國有經濟在更廣泛的領域參與服務業發展。還要改革市場准入的行政審批制度，減少行政審批項目。
3、多渠道增加服務業投入
中央和地方各級政府，都要適當安排一定數量的投資，作為加快發展服務業的引導資金，主要用於國家鼓勵的服務業建設項目的貼息或補助，以更多地吸引銀行信貸資金和社會投入。銀行要在獨立審貸的基礎上積極向符合貸款條件的服務業企業及其建設項目發放貸款．鼓勵符合條件的服務業企業進入資本市場融資。
4、加強對服務業的組織領導
進一步轉變觀念，統一思想，提高認識，把服務業擺到與農業、工業同等重要的位置。各級政府要切實履行職責，為加快發展服務業創造良好的環境。制定和完善規范服務業市場主體行為和市場秩序的法律法規，為服務業發展提供法律保障。
China's service trade development and Countermeasures
Abstract: Trade in services is becoming the focus of global economic competition. Join the WTO, China's service trade was a certain amount of development, but there are some problems. Only the development of effective measures to promote China's service trade development.
Keywords: services trade; the status quo; Strategy
Since the end of last century, global economic competition is the focus shift from trade in services trade in goods, services advanced degree to become an important symbol to measure the level of modernization. At present, China has entered the development stage of building a moderately prosperous society, we must vigorously develop the service instry, and to expand services to the outside world as China's greater participation in international competition, an important part of integration into economic globalization.
I. Development of China's service trade
In recent years, China's service instry to achieve sustained, stable and healthy development of service instries to promote the growth of trade in services. 1989, China's service trade import and export volume in the world ranked 30, 2000 increased to 12. However, e to the low level of trade in services, infrastructure is poor, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries, mainly in:
1, the overall level of trade in services poor
My total lack of services, the low proportion in the national economy. In 2001 the added value of 3.2254 trillion yuan of Service, the proportion of GDP, is 33.6%. And middle-income countries, 46% -56%, high-income countries compared to 59% -65%, there is a great difference. Services behind the development of our country trade in services under great constraints. China's service trade in 2002 totaled 66 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for global service trade volume of 2.3%. The same period, total U.S. trade in services accounted for 16.5% of the world is China's 7 percent. Overall, in addition to tourism and a few instries, most trade in services in a deficit state. Join the WTO, the service trade deficit may be further expanded.
2, the internal structure of trade in services is unreasonable
1995-2002, China's total exports of services, tourism services has been at the top, its share from the 27.6 percent rise to 36.5 percent: the proportion of financial services have been around 19%; decline in the proportion of transportation services, by the 27.1% reced 19%. The information technology-based emerging service instries is obvious weaknesses in the service of this instry in 1995, the proportion of imports to 22.9 percent in 2001 soared to 52.4 percent, making China's service trade an important factor in the increasing deficit.
3, management of trade in services lagged
As the service sector is composed of many related instries instry groups, instries involved in international trade in services scope, the international community requires a State to carry out their domestic services sector overall coordination and management. At present, China's foreign trade in services management system has many defects, such as central and local foreign trade policy and regulations in the service sector there are still some differences, long service management, and those policies or issues of mutual constraints has not been fully resolved, Services statistics are not norms, instry standards and so many do not comply with international practice.
4, trade in services legislation is not perfect
Over the years, lagged far behind China's service trade legislation, although enacted in recent years, "Commercial Bank Law", "Insurance Law", "Maritime" and so on, but a wide range of content and services, trade and development requirements of international trade in services, there are many less than . At present, China still does not have a general law on the service have been the main performance of the provisions of the regulations for the various functional departments and internal documents, not only the legislation is quite low, and the lack of coordination, which affects the unity of China's service trade legislation and transparency.
Second, join the WTO impact on China Trade in Services
China's accession to WTO, the services market will further expand the basis of the original opening, which will bring China's service trade development profound impact.
1, the service trade market to further accelerate the process of
Deregulation, open markets are key to the development of trade in services. Join the WTO, market access in some service sectors, will not only control by the domestic authorities, but to the implementation of our government's commitment to the WTO, which will help break the monopoly of some domestic instries, is concive to the domestic instry learn foreign advanced experience, to improve service quality and level of services in China to further promote the development and improvement of international competitiveness.
2, will help to improve the investment environment in China
Investment environment is not only reflected in the road, communication, power supply and other hardware is good or bad, more and more reflected in the financial, distribution, professional services and other proction services such as the completeness and quality. China's service sector generally backward, more backward, procer services, which is Chinese and foreign investors, an important reason for our market. Services of opening travel, will attract more foreign capital into the services sector, which will effectively promote the service sector, in particular the rapid development of procer services, improve the soft investment environment in China, in order to stimulate the development of the domestic economy as a whole.
3, will help introce new types of services
Behind our services to a large extent the performance of the types of services, lack of variety, many services need to fill "the gaps." Division of the World Trade Organization's 143 instries, our commercial tax services, poll services, credit inquiries, etc., is basically a blank. In many instries, specific services, there are still large gaps in service varieties. Service market opening and entry of foreign capital, will make up a considerable extent, the various gaps in the service instry to meet the domestic economic development and people's living needs.
4, is concive to a deeper level the restructuring of the world economy
The promotion of economic globalization, global services are brewing around the world adjusted. Join the WTO, will help China to shift to overseas countries by labor-intensive, capital-intensive service instry the opportunity to attract foreign investment, improve the internal structure of our services; also help our service providers to enter the international market, "going out "strategy to expand trade in services exports.
Third, enhance the competitiveness of China's service trade, the main measures
1, optimization services instry structure
Vigorously develop modern services sector, focusing on the development of information, technology, consulting, legal and other instries to bring the overall level of service increase. Actively develop new service instries, such as real estate, property management, tourism, ecation and training, culture, sports, etc. to form a new economic growth point. Reorganization of the transformation of traditional instries, the use of modern management methods and services technology, focusing on transforming flow of commerce, transportation, catering and other instries, technological level and operational efficiency.
2, relaxation of market access for services
Monopoly in some sectors to change the serious, too restrictive market access conditions, the main qualification to market and service standards, and graally form an open and transparent and standardized management of the market access system. Accelerate the reform of management system of monopoly instries, relax qualifications in some sectors market access conditions, encouraging non-state participation in the broader field of service instry. Market access, reform of administrative approval system, rece administrative examination and approval.
3, multi-channel input to increase services
Central and local levels of government, appropriate arrangements should be a number of investment as a guide to speed up the development of the service sector, mainly for the service sector construction projects encouraged by the state as discount or subsidy to attract more bank credit funds and social input. Censoring banks in the basis of independent active service to meet the loan conditions of loans to enterprises and their projects. Encourage qualified enterprises to enter the capital market financing services.
4, to strengthen organization and leadership services
Further change the concept of unity of thinking, raise awareness, the service placed with agriculture, instry, equally important position. Governments at all levels must perform their ties, in order to accelerate the development of services to create a good environment. Develop and improve the standard of the main services market behavior and market order, laws and regulations to provide legal protection for the service instry.
❺ 求國際貿易類 英文文獻及翻譯一篇,5000字左右
一、電子商務對國際貿易的影響1
（一） 電子商務的內涵與特點1
（二） 電子商務對國際貿易的影響6
二、中國發展電子商務的現狀及存在的問題11
（一）我國電子商務的發展現狀11
（二） 存在的問題12
（三） 中國對外貿易的重新定位15
三、中國利用電子商務促進對外貿易的策略17
（一） 電子商務在出口貿易中的效益體現17
（二）開拓新的國際市場要求發展無紙貿易17
（三）迎接挑戰的對策19
結論23
致謝24
參考文獻25
附錄一26
附錄二31
摘 要
在向信息經濟世界的轉變過程中，傳統商務由於存在太多的弊端，已經不能勝任現時條件下的貿易環境。電子商務作為網際網路技術發展日益成熟的直接結果，是未來商業發展的新方向。
電子商務（Electronic Commence）是一種以電子數據交換EDI和Internet網上交易為主要內容的全新商務模式。其體現的開放性、全球性、地域性、低成本和高效率等內在特徵，在符合商業經濟內在要求的同時，還使其超越了作為一種新的貿易形式所具有的價值。它不僅改變了企業本身的生產、經營、管理，而且對傳統的貿易方式帶來沖擊。其最明顯的標志就是增加了貿易機會、降低貿易成本、提高貿易效益。在帶動經濟結構變革的同時，對整個現代經濟生活產生了巨大而且深遠的影響。
對此，中國作為經濟正在發展的貿易大國，在電子商務的挑戰之下，要同時面對其帶來的壓力和機遇，進行自我調整，以求跟上其快速變革的步伐。要大力發展電子商務，在今後的貿易競爭中占據主動，應拿出自己的舉措，以贏得和發達國家站在同一起跑線上的機會。
關鍵詞 電子商務 數據交換 網際網路 國際貿易
Abstract
In the shifting to information economy, traditional commerce is out of the steps of time because of its lot shortcomings. As the direct result from the development of cyber internet technology, EC (Electronic Commerce) is the new direction of future business.
EC includes EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and business on web. It is a definitely new business model. Its inner nature such as global, regional, low cost and high efficiency make it more valuable than its virtual value as a new business model. At the same time, it is also accord with demands from business. EC not only changes procing, management, but impact on traditional commerce model. The most obvious symbol is increase business opportunities, decrease of trading cost, and getting more business profits. It leads profound affection to the whole economic life when it changes economic structure.
China wants to be a great developing trading nation. It is necessary to act activity. We need making strategy to face EC, to face the impact, the pressure and chances in order to control our foreign business policies.
Justify by us in order to follow EC steps in developing. That is the right way for us to challenge with other developed countries.
Key word Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange Internet
International trading
（三）中國對外貿易的重新定位
中國的貿易必須在世界貿易從傳統貿易向國際網路貿易轉化中重新為自己定位，就是使中國貿易從傳統貿易轉化為網路貿易。為此，我們要積極推進中國貿易從傳統貿易向國際網路貿易的革命性的轉化，這一推進要通過市場與政府有效結合的方式來進行。值得指出的是，中國已經初步地「嘗到了網路貿易的甜頭」，1998年1~5月份，中國的出口本來應該受亞洲貨幣金融危機的影響而有較大幅度的下降，但是，1998年1~5月份中國的外貿進出口卻保持著增長，據海關統計，1998年1~5月份，中國外貿進出口總值達1 236.9億美元，比去年同期增長5.4%，其中出口711.1億美元，增長8.6%，進口525.8%億美元，增長1.5%，其中一個重要的決定因素就是，中國在1998年的春季廣交會上，利用互聯網向全球2 000多家外商發出了電子郵件，這使得在東南亞金融危機後的這次廣交會的出席人數達6.5萬人，為歷年廣交會人數最多的一次。在這次廣交會上，中國同東南亞和韓國達成的交易額下降了60%，而同歐洲、美洲、中東、非洲的交易額則增長20%~30%。佔中國出口四成的本次廣交會出口成交額比上年增長10%以上。據海關統計，1998年1~4月份，中國對亞洲出口增長4.8%，對亞洲出口的比重比去年同期下降了4.6%，而對歐洲、美國、非洲、南美的出口卻分別增長了29.6%、22.7%、33.9%、40.1%，它們佔中國外貿出口的比重也有一定幅度的增加，很顯然，中國外貿的這一變化是與對國際互聯網電子郵件利用密切相關的。中國外經貿部宣布「中國商品市場」已於1998年7月8日正式進入網際網路，它將成為目前網際網路上最大的中國商品資料庫，向外商展示中國商品信息，這為許多企業進入網路，提供了新機會。這一「中國商品市場」就利用網路發布信息這一形式而言，與中國已有的在網路上建立站點發布信息的企業一樣。很明顯，對於它們都有或將有從發布信息，深化到銷售產品和以網路為基礎的企業業務往來、企業間培訓、客戶培訓、售後服務等商務活動的必要。這也是應該挖掘網路收益的一個取向，既要利用網路來捕捉更多的貿易機會，擴大市場的范圍，又要通過網路來使得比較優勢和競爭優勢升級。另外，一定要注意網路安全問題。還有，也是至關重要的，中國應對網路貿易立法，且對已存在的對外貿易法進行修改。有理由相信，隨著中國外貿逐步地從傳統貿易轉化為網路貿易，中國網路貿易的發展必然使中國的貿易呈現出一種新的局面.
英文是:
With economic development and the progress of the times, people of the original concept of marriage constantly being challenged, while the concept of legal system is further strengthened. Due to various reasons, divorce cases each year are on the rise, the husband and wife in a divorce case and deal with common property that has become increasingly difficult, reflected by the status of more and more important, it has a bearing on social stability and unity, and economic construction can proceed smoothly. Debt Settlement of joint processing and housing is dealt with divorce, division of property compared the two main issues, the 2001 Marriage Law, promulgated and implemented the new sound of the old Marriage Law of the many deficiencies, but its institutional division of property in a divorce there are still some shortcomings. Therefore, the perfect family property system and properly handle the divorce, division of matrimonial property has strong practical significance.
❻ 高分求關於外貿競爭力的外文文獻，翻譯成中文最好3000字以上的，有中英文最好
外貿競爭力的外文文獻，翻譯成中文最好3000字以上的，有中英文最好
你來索要!!
❼ 要寫畢業論文的關於國際貿易的外文翻譯，誰能幫我下載份純英文文獻！！求 謝謝！！
童鞋你好！
這個估計需要自己搜索了！
網上基本很難找到免費給你服務的！
我在這里給你點搜索國際上常用的外文資料庫：
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❶ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
❷Elsevier SDOL資料庫 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
❸EBSCOhost RSC英國皇家化學學會
❹ACM美國計算機學會 ASCE美國土木工程師學會
❺Springer電子期刊 WorldSciNet電子期刊全文庫
❻Nature周刊 NetLibrary電子圖書
❼ProQuest學位論文全文資料庫
❽國道外文專題資料庫 CALIS西文期刊目次資料庫
❾推薦使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻譯得自己做了，實在不成就谷歌翻譯。
弄完之後，自己閱讀幾遍弄順了就成啦！
學校以及老師都不會看這個東西的！
外文翻譯不是論文的主要內容！
所以，很容易過去的！
祝你好運！
❽ 國貿有關的，民營企業融資文獻翻譯 急需 急需 英文原文 加中文翻譯 在線等待 等待
不會有人免費翻譯的。太多了
❾ 對外貿易可持續發展的英文文獻及翻譯
Foreign Trade and Sustainable Development