『壹』 急求一篇國際貿易的英語論文,高手進
As the economic role of multinational， corpora-tions expands，the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions，but by the interaction between governments and global corporations， especially in the United States，Europe，and Japan. A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading biocs of nations，which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system. Two examples of this trend are the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement （FTA）and Europe 1992，the move by the European Community （EC）to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods，services，capital，and labor among member states by the end of 1992. However， although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC『s markets，concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration. This is in sharp contrast to the FTA，the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States protectionism. None-theless，although markedly different in origin and nature，both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and richest markets of the world，as well as provoke questions about the future direction of the world trading system.
『貳』 求一篇3000字的關於外貿相關的英文翻譯 國貿專業畢業論文設計需要完成的翻譯的任務
一下是比較好寫的論文題目，希望能幫助你！
1. 論商務英語與文化的關系
2. 論商務英語廣告語言的特徵與表達
3 試論商務英語交際中的文化因素
4. 論溝通語言在商務英語談判中的作用與功能
5. 試論中西文化習慣在商務英語談判中的作用
6. 論文化差異對商務英語談判的影響
7. 論 商務英語翻譯中的不對等性
8 論撰寫商務英語信函的禮貌原則
9. 論商務英語寫作中的語氣分析
10 論商務合同英語的文體特徵分析
11. 論禮貌與商務英語信函中禮貌的表現
12. 論商務英語中的委婉表達及其翻譯
13. 論商標名稱的翻譯與策略
14. 論產品中文商標的翻譯
英語商務傳真話語類型分析初探
1 論外貿英語函電的語言特點
2 論商務場合中的漢英跨文化交際
3 論商標英譯中的「信」
4 論商標英譯中的「雅」
5 論商務英語信函及翻譯特點
6 論模糊語言在商務英語寫作中的運用
7 論商務英語翻譯中的」忠實」與」變通」
8 論商務英語合同及其翻譯特點
9 論英語俚語的漢譯
10 論英語委婉語的差異和翻譯對策
『叄』 關於國際貿易的英語論文 急！
Protectionism Doesn't Pay The global financial crisis is no doubt a catalyst for trade protectionism. As the world economy deteriorates, some countries try to boost growth prospects by erecting trade barriers. China calls on these governments not to replay history and revert to protectionism and economic isolationism.
Previous global economic crises were usually accompanied by frequent trade disputes. The United States' erection of large-scale tariffs in 1930, for example, triggered a retaliatory global trade war. During the two oil shocks in the 1970s and 1980s, trade frictions emerged when major economies attempted to increase exports by depreciating their currencies. And in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, there was a notable uptick in antimping actions, countervailing ties and other protectionist measures.
The financial crisis is now spilling over into the real economy, hitting sectors like manufacturing and services. In almost all countries, factories are closing and unemployment is rising, creating political pressure and social problems. More and more governments are strengthening intervention in their economies under the excuse of 'economic security' and protecting vulnerable domestic instries to curb imports from other countries, especially those in emerging markets.
Trade protectionism differs from legally acceptable measures to protect trade. It is an abuse of remedies provided by multilateral trade rules. This kind of protectionism is morphing into more complex and disguised forms, ranging from conventional tariff and nontariff barriers to technical barriers to trade, instry standards and instry protectionism.
With the economic crisis worsening, caution must be taken even in employing trade protection measures consistent with World Trade Organization rules. At the Group of 20 Financial Summit in November 2008, world leaders called for countries to resist trade protectionism and committed themselves to refraining from erecting new barriers to trade and investment, a message strongly echoed by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit at the end of last year, and the World Economic Forum held in Davos last month.
History tells us that trade protection measures hurt not only other countries, but eventually the country that erected that trade barrier in the first place.
To counter the Great Depression, the U.S. adopted the Smoot-Hawley Act in 1930, which raised import ties of over 20,000 foreign procts significantly and provoked protectionist retaliation from other countries. Faced with that crisis, other countries pursued beggar-thy-neighbor policies that slashed global trade volumes from $36 billion in 1929 to $12 billion in 1932. Among the victims, not the least was the U.S. itself, where exports shrank from $5.2 billion in 1929 to $1.2 billion in 1932. Even in the U.S., the Smoot-Hawley Act was widely believed to be a catalyst that aggravated the effects of Great Depression.
Global trade is now in dire straits. Thanks to shrinking external demand caused by the economic crisis, major trading countries have seen their export growth tumble or have suffered huge contractions. Germany's exports dropped 10.6% in November 2008, compared to the same period the prior year -- the highest one-month drop since 1990. China also experienced negative export growth in November, and a 17.5% decline last month, when compared to the prior year. Protectionist policies would make things even worse and the consequences would be hard to predict.
In the heat of the crisis, it's critical that all countries refrain from pointing fingers at each other or pursuing their own interests at the expense of others. The financial crisis reflects a chronic illness resulting from global economic structural imbalance and financial risk accumulation, and there is no quick fix to this malady. The fundamental interest of every country is to step up consultation and cooperation and keep international trade smoothly flowing. Healthy international trade can help revive the world economy. During the Great Depression, the U.S. recovered from its economic woes because the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration implemented the New Deal and shunned protectionism.
Today's unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on China and other countries as well. China's economic growth has slowed, exports have plunged and unemployment pressure has mounted. Yet even so, China still firmly believes that trade protectionism isn't a solution to the world's problems. In 2008, amid a contraction in global trade, China imported $1.133 trillion worth of goods from countries around the world -- an 18.5% increase over the prior year. These imports are boosting the economic development of China's trading partners. Since the crisis broke out, the Chinese government has decisively put forward a series of measures aiming at stimulating domestic demand. Given the size and openness of our country, the growth in China's domestic markets can be translated into greater market potential and investment opportunities for other countries. This year China will continue to increase imports and send buying missions abroad for large-scale purchase of equipment, procts and technology.
China has always championed our mutually beneficial opening-up policy and advocated international economic cooperation. We maintain that the Doha Round of global trade negotiations should be taken forward in a way that meets the interests of members and complies with the multilateral trading system already established. China is ready to stand together with all nations in the world to face up to the challenges of today, tackle the financial crisis through cooperation and guide the world economy into a new period of prosperity.
貿易保護主義無法拯救世界經濟
對貿易保護主義來說，全球金融危機無疑是一針催化劑。近一時期，隨著全球經濟形勢惡化，一些國家自危、自利、自保傾向抬頭。有識之士為此感到憂慮，呼籲各國在出台經濟刺激計劃時，一定要防止貿易保護主義和經濟孤立主義的歷史重演。
歷次全球經濟危機往往都伴隨著貿易爭端的高發。1930年美國政府大范圍提高關稅，引發了全球范圍報復性貿易戰。上世紀七八十年代兩次石油危機時，主要國家放任貨幣貶值以擴大出口的作法引發了貿易摩擦。1997年亞洲金融危機之後，全球反傾銷、反補貼和保障措施案件明顯增多。
當前，金融危機已蔓延到製造業、服務業等實體經濟領域，各國工廠倒閉劇增，失業率上升，政治壓力和社會問題接踵而至。越來越多國家以「經濟安全」和保護本國虛弱產業為由加強政府對經濟的干預，阻撓其他國家特別是新興國家企業出口。
貿易保護主義不同於正當的貿易保護措施，它是對多邊貿易規則中救濟措施的濫用。從傳統的關稅和非關稅壁壘，到技術性貿易壁壘、行業標准等，以及產業保護主義，當前貿易保護主義的形式更加復雜多樣，隱蔽性更強。在危機加劇的背景下，即使符合WTO規則的保護措施也應慎用，這已成為各國共識。在2008年11月舉行的G20金融峰會上，各國領導人同聲呼籲抵制貿易保護主義，承諾在未來一年內，避免設置新的貿易和投資壁壘。年底的APEC領導人會議和今年初的世界經濟論壇達沃斯年會，再次發出了反對保護主義強音。
歷史是一面鏡子。任何針對他國的貿易保護舉措，不僅會損害對方，最終也會傷及自身。經驗告訴我們，大規模的貿易保護措施將使金融危機下本已嚴峻的經濟形勢更加困難。
1930年美國為了應對經濟危機，頒發了《斯姆特－霍利關稅法》，大幅提高超過2萬種外國商品的進口關稅，結果引起了其他國家的貿易保護主義報復。面對危機，各國以鄰為壑，全球貿易總額大幅縮減，從1929年的360億美元縮小到1932年的120億美元，美國自身也深受其害，出口總額從1929年的52億美元左右縮減到1932年的12億美元。這一法案即使在美國國內也被普遍認為是大蕭條加劇的催化劑。
如今全球貿易形勢已相當嚴峻：經濟危機導致外需衰退，各主要貿易國的出口增速已急劇下滑，甚至出現大幅萎縮。德國08年11月份出口額較前月大幅下滑10.6%，為1990年以來的最大單月降幅。中國08年11月以來出口連續出現負增長，其中09年1月出口下降了17.5%。如果未來貿易保護主義泛濫，使嚴峻的形勢雪上加霜，造成的後果很難預料。我們應該認真思索，這樣的後果世界能否承受，又是否值得承受？
危機當頭，重要的是各國攜手共克時艱，而非互相指責，以鄰為壑。金融危機是全球經濟結構失衡、金融風險積聚長期積累的結果，解決問題也不可能一蹴而就。當前加強磋商、增強合作，保持國際貿易渠道暢通，才符合各國的根本利益。國際貿易的健康發展，是推動世界經濟復甦的重要力量。當年羅斯福政府實行新政，與貿易保護主義決裂，帶領美國經濟走出低谷，推動了全球經濟的增長。
在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國與其他國家一樣都受到嚴重沖擊。去年第三季度以來，經濟增速放緩，出口大幅下滑，就業壓力加大。即便如此，中國仍堅定認為，貿易保護主義是條死胡同。在全球貿易萎縮的情況下，2008年中國從各國進口11331億美元的商品，增長18.5％，促進了貿易夥伴的經濟發展。危機爆發以來，中國政府果斷出台了一系列擴大內需的措施。作為一個開放的大國，中國內需的提升可為其他國家提供更大的市場空間和更多的投資機會。今年，中國將繼續擴大進口，積極組織企業采購團，赴海外大規模采購，進口設備、商品和技術。
中國始終奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，倡導國際經濟合作。我們主張積極推進符合各國利益與多邊貿易體制的多哈回合談判。中國願與世界各國一道，以開放迎接挑戰，以合作應對危機，共克時艱，推動世界經濟走向新的繁榮。
『肆』 我需要一篇關於進出口貿易的英語論文，各位英文高手幫幫忙！真的急用
Cash On Delivery, the cost of an item will be paid when the item is delivered.
In stock
Goods and materials that a company has available for immediate sale and delivery.
Inventory
The quantity of goods and materials on hand (in stock). Also, a detailed,
itemized list, report, or record of procts in a company』 possession, proced
from a survey of all goods and materials in stock.
Backlog
A reserve supply or an accumulation of unfilled orders.
Waybill
A document giving details and instructions relating to a shipment of goods.
Shipping date
The date that an order actually starts moving toward a destination.
Price quote
An officially stated price for goods.
List price
A basic published or advertised price.
Discount
A rection from the full or standard amount of a list price.
Shipment
Act or instance of shipping goods, or a quantity of goods that are shipped together.
Bill of lading
A document issued by a carrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging
receipt of goods for transport and specifying terms of delivery.
Invoice
A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all
costs; an itemized bill.
Receipt
A written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received.
Irrevocable Letter of Credit
Method of payment most commonly used for imports. The exporter is assured payment when they ship the goods, and the importer is assured that the goods have been dispatched according to their instructions.
Shipping documents
Documents that an exporter receives from the shipping company.The following terms are often used for price quotes in foreign trade:
FOB
Free On Board - price includes all costs of goods on a ship or aircraft whose
destination is stated in the contract.
CIF
Price includes Cost, Insurance, Freight to a named port of destination in the
buyer』s country.
CIP
Price includes cost of goods, Carriage (freight), and Insurance Paid by
container to a named destination in the buyer』s country.
『伍』 急求國貿專業論文英文參考文獻，我的題目是：我國對外貿易現狀及研究對策
感覺相關的就行吧,這是我今天剛交老師的
Solidarity trade
The current fair trade movement was shaped in Europe in the 1960s. Fair trade ring that period was often seen as a political gesture against neo-imperialism: radical student movements began targeting multinational corporations and concerns that traditional business models were fundamentally flawed started to emerge. The slogan at the time, 「Trade not Aid」, gained international recognition in 1968 when it was adopted by the UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) to put the emphasis on the establishment of fair trade relations with the developing world.
The year 1965 saw the creation of the first Alternative Trading Organization (ATO): that year, British NGO Oxfam launched "Helping-by-Selling", a program which sold imported handicrafts in Oxfam stores in the UK and from mail-order catalogues.
In 1969, the first Worldshop opened its doors in the Netherlands. The initiative aimed at bringing the principles of fair trade to the retail sector by selling almost exclusively goods proced under fair trade terms in 「underdeveloped regions」. The first shop was run by volunteers and was so successful that dozens of similar shops soon went into business in the Benelux countries, Germany, and in other Western European countries.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, important segments of the fair trade movement worked to find markets for procts from countries that were excluded from the mainstream trading channels for political reasons. Thousands of volunteers sold coffee from Angola and Nicaragua in Worldshops, in the back of churches, from their homes, and from stands in public places, using the procts as a vehicle to deliver their message: give disadvantaged procers in developing countries a fair chance on the world』s market, and support their self-determined sustainable development. The alternative trade movement blossomed, if not in sales, then at least in terms of dozens of ATOs being established on both sides of the Atlantic, of scores of Worldshops being set up, and of well-organized actions and campaigns attacking exploitation and foreign domination, and promoting the ideals of Nelson Mandela, Julius Nyerere, and the Nicaraguan Sandinistas: the right to independence and self-determination, to equitable access to the world』s markets and consumers.
團結貿易
現今公平貿易運動形塑於1960年代的歐洲，公平貿易於這時期通常被視為一種反抗新帝國主義的政治姿態，基進的學生運動開始關注跨國公司，並出現了一種認為傳統商業模式基本上是有缺陷的共識，那時的口號「貿易，而非援助」(Trade not Aid)，被1968年所召開的聯合國貿易及發展會議（United Nations Conference on Trade and Development，簡稱UNCTAD）所採用，並得到國際認同，會議中強調與發展中世界建立公平的貿易關系。
1965年誕生了第一個另類貿易組織（Alternative Trading Organization，簡稱ATD）：那年，英國的非政府組織樂施會(Oxfam)發起了」以銷售來幫忙」(Helping-by-Selling)的活動，一個以郵購及在樂施會商店銷售進口手工藝品的計劃。
1969年，第一個「世界商店」在荷蘭開張，這個開創性的構想，是以銷售符合公平貿易規則的「發展中區域」的產品，將公平貿易的法則帶入零售部門，第一個商店由志工營運，非常成功，之後數十個類似的商店開始在比利時、荷蘭、盧森堡及德國等其他西歐國家開始營業。
在1960和1970年代，公平貿易運動里很重要的部份是，為那些因為政治因素而被排斥於主流貿易管道的國家，協助他們的產品尋找市場。數千名志工在教會後面和世界商店銷售來自安哥拉及尼加拉瓜的咖啡豆，以這些產品從家裡和公共場所的攤位傳達一個訊息：給那些來自發展中國家的弱勢生產者一個公平的機會，就是支持他們自主的永續發展。另類貿易活動的盛行，若不從貿易量來說，至少以在數量上，有數十個另類貿易組織（ATO）在大西洋兩岸成立，同時隨著世界商店的擴張，有許多計劃性的行動與專案，抨擊國際間的剝削與支配的現象，宣揚著曼德拉、朱利葉斯•尼雷爾及尼加拉瓜桑定政權的理念：自主及獨立的權利，與接觸全球市場及消費者的公平管道。
『陸』 求一篇有關國際貿易的英文版論文
Investment
liberalization
and
international
trade
Abstract
This
paper
estimates
the
cross-price
elasticity
of
exports
with
respect
to
investment
costs
for
bilateral
relations
between
36
countries.
We
show
that
the
effect
of
recing
foreign
direct
investment
costs
on
exports
depends
on
country
characteristics
and
trade
costs
as
predicted
by
the
[Markusen,
1997
and
Markusen,
2002]
model.
When
countries
differ
in
relative
factor
endowments
and
trade
costs
are
low,
investment
liberalization
stimulates
exports,
whereas
when
countries
are
similar
in
terms
of
relative
factor
endowments
and
size,
and
trade
costs
are
moderate
to
high,
investment
liberalization
reces
exports.
Author
Keywords:
Exports;
Foreign
direct
investment;
International
trade;
Investment
costs;
Investment
liberalization
-----------
是一個PDF,你看看摘要,覺得可以我傳你.
還有很多,反正就是關於international
trade..
『柒』 急需國際貿易論文參考文獻
我的是畢業論文參考文獻 很有用
《國際服務貿易》 李小牧
電子工業出版社
《國際服務貿易：自由化與規則》
何茂春
世界知識出版社
《國際服務貿易》
程憲 程大中
高等教育出版社
《世界貿易組織與中國對外貿易研究》
王文舉 安廣實 經濟日報出版社
《國際服務貿易》
汪素芹
機械工業出版社
《聯合國國際貨物買賣合同公約》
《國際貿易理論與實務》賈建華
首都經濟貿易大學出版社
《國際服務貿易發展趨勢及動因分析》 劉紹堅
《國際服務貿易》
張漢林
對外經濟貿易大學
《服務業跨國轉移的趨勢、影響及對策》 王子先，王雪坤，杜娟.
《國際服務貿易》 饒友玲
對外經濟貿易大學
《國際服務貿易》 程憲
立信會計出版社
《國際服務貿易》 劉東升 中國金融出版社
國家統計局 （www.stats.gov.cn）
《GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES》
WTO.International Trade Statistics. 2000
『捌』 國際貿易理論論文
從各市的官方統計網站就能找到各方面的數據。找出該產業的投入成本，對比兩市的日均人均產量、成本，就能找到分別的比較優勢。一般來說，集群產生規模經濟，成本較低。所以產生優勢。